An editorial in *Nature* has called on governments to reinvest in rail networks, highlighting the urgent need to reduce transport sector emissions. As railways approach their 200th anniversary on September 27th, the journal points out that transport emissions have been steadily rising, contributing significantly to global CO2 levels. Specifically, these emissions grew by 1.7% annually between 1990 and 2022, and now account for a quarter of global CO2 production.
The editorial emphasises the stark contrast between rail and road transport in terms of emissions. Rail produces only one-fifth of the emissions of cars per passenger kilometre. Despite this, it only accounts for a small fraction of passenger traffic in the EU (8.4%), compared to the dominance of automobiles (73%). This discrepancy underscores the potential for rail to play a much larger role in sustainable transportation.
Furthermore, the article argues for a shift in investment criteria, moving beyond purely profitability-driven metrics. It notes that a significant number of countries have not adequately integrated transport into their commitments under the Paris Agreement. The decline in global rail freight from 38% to 24% between 1980 and 2017, along with the shrinking of US rail networks, further illustrates the need for renewed focus and investment in rail infrastructure. The piece concludes by stating that transport emissions need to decline by 3% every year if we are to meet net-zero targets.
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